4.1.1 - Introduction to Operating system.

1. What is the primary role of an operating system?

(A) To control other programmes on a computer
(B) To manage hardware failures
(C) To develop application software
(D) To replace the CPU

Correct Answer: (A) To control other programmes on a computer.

2. How do application programmes communicate with the operating system?

(A) Directly through command lines
(B) Through a defined Application Programme Interface (API)
(C) Using a graphical user interface
(D) Through system hardware

Correct Answer: (B) Through a defined Application Programme Interface (API).

3. Which of the following is NOT considered a fundamental part of a computer system?

(A) Hardware
(B) Operating system
(C) Internet connection
(D) Users

Correct Answer: (C) Internet connection.

4. What does an operating system act as in terms of resources?

(A) A controller
(B) A developer
(C) A resource allocator
(D) A file creator

Correct Answer: (C) A resource allocator.

5. The operating system manages which of the following resources?

(A) Memory, CPU time, I/O devices
(B) User commands only
(C) Only application software
(D) Network devices only

Correct Answer: (A) Memory, CPU time, I/O devices.

6. What is a primary objective of a computer system according to the passage?

(A) To manage memory space
(B) To carry out user programmes and resolve user issues
(C) To execute hardware management
(D) To control network interfaces

Correct Answer: (B) To carry out user programmes and resolve user issues.

7. What is an operating system's role as a control programme?

(A) To manage application code
(B) To avoid mistakes and inappropriate computer use
(C) To ensure data security only
(D) To handle network connections

Correct Answer: (B) To avoid mistakes and inappropriate computer use.

8. What is the key to managing complexity in computing, as mentioned in the passage?

(A) Improved software design
(B) Efficient hardware management
(C) Effective abstraction
(D) Reducing the number of resources

Correct Answer: (C) Effective abstraction.

9. What is an example of time multiplexing in operating systems?

(A) Simultaneous access to resources
(B) A printer serving one job at a time in a queue
(C) Partitioning memory among different programs
(D) Multiple users sharing system resources

Correct Answer: (B) A printer serving one job at a time in a queue.

10. What is space multiplexing in the context of an operating system?

(A) Sequential resource sharing by different programs
(B) Users sharing the same file system
(C) Dividing resources so multiple programs can reside in memory simultaneously
(D) Managing network access among different devices

Correct Answer: (C) Dividing resources so multiple programs can reside in memory simultaneously.

11. What does the operating system provide as an extended machine?

(A) A direct interface to hardware
(B) A layer of abstraction for interacting with hardware
(C) A method for machine-level programming
(D) A programming language for I/O operations

Correct Answer: (B) A layer of abstraction for interacting with hardware.

12. What is the main function of an operating system as a resource manager?

(A) To provide software updates
(B) To control the execution of I/O devices only
(C) To ensure orderly distribution of resources across programs
(D) To manage user authentication

Correct Answer: (C) To ensure orderly distribution of resources across programs.

13. What is NOT a key function of a modern operating system?

(A) Offering a command interpreter for user interaction
(B) Managing file storage with security features
(C) Handling data backup for the cloud
(D) Providing compilers for program conversion

Correct Answer: (C) Handling data backup for the cloud.

14. What type of interface does the operating system provide between computer hardware and programmers?

(A) Command-line interface
(B) Network interface
(C) Virtual machine interface
(D) User-friendly high-level interface

Correct Answer: (D) User-friendly high-level interface.

15. What do application programmes use to request services from the operating system?

(A) System hardware
(B) Graphical user interface
(C) Application Programme Interface (API)
(D) Command lines

Correct Answer: (C) Application Programme Interface (API).

16. What does throughput measure in a computer system?

(A) Amount of memory used
(B) Number of processes completed in a time period
(C) Time taken to process a single task
(D) Number of user inputs handled per second

Correct Answer: (B) Number of processes completed in a time period.

17. Which metric represents the time from submitting a job to its completion in an operating system?

(A) Response Time
(B) Latency
(C) Turnaround Time
(D) Throughput

Correct Answer: (C) Turnaround Time.

18. Which metric is more relevant for interactive systems where early output is possible?

(A) Turnaround Time
(B) Throughput
(C) Response Time
(D) Latency

Correct Answer: (C) Response Time.

19. Which system architecture uses multiple layers, with each layer depending on the one directly below it?

(A) Monolithic Architecture
(B) Layered Architecture
(C) Microkernel Architecture
(D) Distributed Architecture

Correct Answer: (B) Layered Architecture.

20. What is the primary function of a kernel in an operating system?

(A) Managing user input
(B) Managing system resources and communication between hardware and software
(C) Running all applications
(D) Handling network protocols

Correct Answer: (B) Managing system resources and communication between hardware and software.

21. In a monolithic kernel design, where are all operating system services executed?

(A) User space
(B) Separate servers
(C) Same memory space as the kernel
(D) Distributed memory spaces

Correct Answer: (C) Same memory space as the kernel.

22. Which of the following is a drawback of the monolithic kernel architecture?

(A) Easier maintainability
(B) High modularity
(C) Single bug can crash the system
(D) Slower performance

Correct Answer: (C) Single bug can crash the system.

23. What is the key feature of a microkernel architecture?

(A) All services run in the kernel space
(B) Essential services run as separate user-space servers
(C) Kernel is responsible for networking
(D) Large memory footprint

Correct Answer: (B) Essential services run as separate user-space servers.

24. Which operating system was known for using a layered structure with protection rings?

(A) UNIX
(B) MULTICS
(C) Windows NT
(D) Linux

Correct Answer: (B) MULTICS.

25. What challenge can arise when a computer kernel expands in size?

(A) Easier debugging
(B) Smaller memory footprint
(C) Increased interdependencies and maintainability issues
(D) Reduced functionality

Correct Answer: (C) Increased interdependencies and maintainability issues.

4.1.2 - functions of Operating System.

26. What is one of the primary functions of Process Management in an operating system?

(A) Keeping track of the use of RAM
(B) Managing secondary storage allocation
(C) Starting and stopping system processes
(D) Handling I/O device quirks

Correct Answer: (C) Starting and stopping system processes.

27. Which task is associated with Memory Management in an operating system?

(A) Managing disk space
(B) Allocating and releasing memory space
(C) Synchronizing system processes
(D) Providing network connectivity

Correct Answer: (B) Allocating and releasing memory space.

28. What is a key responsibility of Secondary Storage Management in an operating system?

(A) Managing file permissions
(B) Handling memory allocation
(C) Free space management on disks
(D) Interpreting user commands

Correct Answer: (C) Free space management on disks.

29. In I/O Management, what does the operating system do to handle hardware devices?

(A) Provides a user interface for commands
(B) Conceals hardware quirks from the user
(C) Manages file system attributes
(D) Handles network security

Correct Answer: (B) Conceals hardware quirks from the user.

30. Which of the following is a task related to File Management in an operating system?

(A) Managing the availability of system processes
(B) Adding and removing file systems
(C) Handling the CPU scheduling
(D) Providing network resource access

Correct Answer: (B) Adding and removing file systems.

31. What does Protection in an operating system ensure?

(A) Processes cannot access unauthorized resources
(B) Files are stored in non-volatile memory
(C) Secondary storage is efficiently managed
(D) I/O devices are universally compatible

Correct Answer: (A) Processes cannot access unauthorized resources.

32. In Networking Management, what is a primary concern for an operating system?

(A) Managing file system directories
(B) Ensuring reliable communication network
(C) Allocating memory space
(D) Handling command interpretation

Correct Answer: (B) Ensuring reliable communication network.

33. What is the role of the Command Interpreter in an operating system?

(A) It manages I/O device operations
(B) It interprets and executes user commands
(C) It schedules memory allocations
(D) It handles process synchronization

Correct Answer: (B) It interprets and executes user commands.

34. Which operating system is known for its command line interface and is used in many workstation products?

(A) Windows
(B) DOS
(C) UNIX
(D) Linux

Correct Answer: (C) UNIX.

35. What is a characteristic feature of the UNIX operating system?

(A) It supports only single-user environments
(B) It includes a command line interface and kernel
(C) It does not offer networking capabilities
(D) It is written in Assembly language

Correct Answer: (B) It includes a command line interface and kernel.

36. What does the UNIX operating system use to provide a user-friendly interface?

(A) A graphical user interface (GUI)
(B) A shell command line interface
(C) A text-based interface only
(D) A voice command interface

Correct Answer: (B) A shell command line interface.

37. Which of the following is a key function of the operating system’s Process Management?

(A) Managing disk space allocation
(B) Providing synchronization mechanisms
(C) Handling network security
(D) Managing secondary storage

Correct Answer: (B) Providing synchronization mechanisms.

38. What does Memory Management ensure in an operating system?

(A) That all processes are completed on time
(B) Efficient management of the CPU
(C) Proper allocation and release of memory space
(D) Effective handling of file permissions

Correct Answer: (C) Proper allocation and release of memory space.

39. What is a function of Secondary Storage Management in an operating system?

(A) Allocating memory space
(B) Managing the CPU’s operations
(C) Handling free space on disks
(D) Providing file access control

Correct Answer: (C) Handling free space on disks.

40. Which of the following tasks is associated with I/O Management in an operating system?

(A) Buffer caching
(B) Memory allocation
(C) Process synchronization
(D) File system management

Correct Answer: (A) Buffer caching.

41. What is one of the responsibilities of File Management in an operating system?

(A) Managing process synchronization
(B) Establishing and removing directories
(C) Handling memory management algorithms
(D) Managing secondary storage devices

Correct Answer: (B) Establishing and removing directories.

42. How does Protection contribute to the security of an operating system?

(A) By encrypting data files
(B) By preventing unauthorized access to resources
(C) By managing network connections
(D) By allocating disk space efficiently

Correct Answer: (B) By preventing unauthorized access to resources.

43. What is the purpose of Networking Management in an operating system?

(A) To manage file permissions
(B) To handle user commands
(C) To ensure effective communication between processors
(D) To allocate memory resources

Correct Answer: (C) To ensure effective communication between processors.

44. Which type of operating system is DOS?

(A) Multi-user
(B) Network-based
(C) Single-user
(D) Distributed

Correct Answer: (C) Single-user.

45. What does UNIX use to facilitate user interaction with the system?

(A) A graphical interface
(B) A command line interface
(C) A voice recognition system
(D) A touch screen interface

Correct Answer: (B) A command line interface.

46. What is one of the primary features of Microsoft Windows?

(A) It offers a user-friendly GUI and is widely used in households and businesses
(B) It is exclusively used for mobile devices
(C) It is known for its open-source nature
(D) It was the first widely available personal computer with a GUI

Correct Answer: (A) It offers a user-friendly GUI and is widely used in households and businesses.

47. Which of the following is a primary challenge associated with older versions of Windows such as Windows 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, and XP?

(A) User interface consistency
(B) Debugging issues with hardware and software combinations
(C) Lack of built-in networking features
(D) Limited support from Microsoft

Correct Answer: (B) Debugging issues with hardware and software combinations.

48. What significant feature did the Macintosh introduce in 1984?

(A) The command-line interface
(B) The Graphical User Interface (GUI)
(C) The mobile operating system
(D) The open-source kernel

Correct Answer: (B) The Graphical User Interface (GUI).

49. What is a notable disadvantage of Macintosh compared to Windows?

(A) Limited data compatibility between Windows and Mac
(B) No available applications for essential tasks
(C) Complex interface changes
(D) Lack of networking support

Correct Answer: (A) Limited data compatibility between Windows and Mac.

50. Which operating system is known for its open-source nature and customization capabilities?

(A) iOS
(B) Windows
(C) Linux
(D) macOS

Correct Answer: (C) Linux.

51. What is a major feature of Android OS?

(A) It is closed-source and exclusive to Apple devices
(B) It is built on the Linux kernel and is open-source
(C) It provides a command-line interface
(D) It is primarily used on desktop computers

Correct Answer: (B) It is built on the Linux kernel and is open-source.

52. Which of the following is a characteristic of iOS?

(A) It supports a wide range of hardware from various manufacturers
(B) It is an open-source operating system
(C) It is exclusively used on Apple devices and offers a closed ecosystem
(D) It allows extensive customization and modification

Correct Answer: (C) It is exclusively used on Apple devices and offers a closed ecosystem.

53. What does Android’s integration with Google Services include?

(A) iCloud and Siri
(B) Gmail, Google Maps, and Google Drive
(C) FaceTime and Apple Pay
(D) Microsoft Office and OneDrive

Correct Answer: (B) Gmail, Google Maps, and Google Drive.

54. What does the Linux operating system use to provide essential services such as process and memory management?

(A) A closed-source kernel
(B) The Linux kernel
(C) A proprietary GUI
(D) An open-source mobile platform

Correct Answer: (B) The Linux kernel.

55. Which Linux package manager is used by the Arch Linux distribution?

(A) APT
(B) YUM
(C) DNF
(D) Pacman

Correct Answer: (D) Pacman.

56. What is a key benefit of the Linux operating system’s modularity?

(A) It allows for limited customization and configuration
(B) It restricts users to a specific desktop environment
(C) It offers a high degree of customization and flexibility
(D) It prevents the use of various software packages

Correct Answer: (C) It offers a high degree of customization and flexibility.

57. What type of interface is provided by the Linux operating system?

(A) Command-Line Interface (CLI)
(B) Graphical User Interface (GUI)
(C) Touchscreen Interface
(D) Voice Command Interface

Correct Answer: (A) Command-Line Interface (CLI).

58. Which operating system is known for its regular updates and support, including security patches?

(A) Windows
(B) macOS
(C) Android
(D) Linux

Correct Answer: (C) Android.

59. What is a feature of the Mac OS X operating system?

(A) It is exclusively available on Windows hardware
(B) It was the first widely available personal computer GUI
(C) It uses the PowerPC microprocessor
(D) It is open-source and highly customizable

Correct Answer: (B) It was the first widely available personal computer GUI.

60. What type of updates does Apple provide for iOS?

(A) Updates are provided annually with new hardware announcements
(B) Updates are only available through manual installation
(C) Updates are irregular and less frequent
(D) Updates include new features but exclude security patches

Correct Answer: (A) Updates are provided annually with new hardware announcements.

61. What does the Linux operating system's package management system handle?

(A) Hardware compatibility
(B) Application development
(C) Software installation, updating, and removal
(D) User interface design

Correct Answer: (C) Software installation, updating, and removal.

4.1.3 - Types of Operating system.

62. Which operating system category involves users submitting jobs to a central location for batch processing?

(A) Time-sharing Operating System
(B) Real-time Operating System
(C) Multiprogramming Operating System
(D) Batch Processing Operating System

Correct Answer: (D) Batch Processing Operating System

63. In which type of operating system do users interact with the program almost entirely while it is running?

(A) Batch Processing Operating System
(B) Real-time Operating System
(C) Time-sharing Operating System
(D) Multiprocessing Operating System

Correct Answer: (C) Time-sharing Operating System

64. What is the primary feature of a Real-time Operating System (RTOS)?

(A) It supports applications where reaction time is critical to avoid errors.
(B) It allows multiple users to interact with a program simultaneously.
(C) It manages a batch of jobs queued for processing.
(D) It handles the system resources by keeping many programs active in memory.

Correct Answer: (A) It supports applications where reaction time is critical to avoid errors.

65. What does a multiprogramming operating system support?

(A) Multiple active user programs running on different CPUs.
(B) A single active user program running in multiple threads.
(C) Many active user programs being kept in main memory at once.
(D) Single job processing with high efficiency.

Correct Answer: (C) Many active user programs being kept in main memory at once.

66. What is the main goal of a multiprocessing system?

(A) To manage multiple active user programs efficiently in main memory.
(B) To utilize a computer's resources as efficiently as possible through multiple processing units.
(C) To handle batch processing of jobs.
(D) To facilitate online computing services for multiple users simultaneously.

Correct Answer: (B) To utilize a computer's resources as efficiently as possible through multiple processing units.

67. What differentiates a distributed operating system from a network operating system?

(A) A distributed operating system presents itself as a uni-processor system to users, while a network operating system allows users to log in to remote computers.
(B) A network operating system does not have the capability to divide workload among multiple computers.
(C) A distributed operating system has no local operating systems for each computer in the network.
(D) A network operating system integrates complex processor scheduling methods for parallelism.

Correct Answer: (A) A distributed operating system presents itself as a uni-processor system to users, while a network operating system allows users to log in to remote computers.

68. Which type of operating system is used for devices such as PDAs, cell phones, and industrial robots?

(A) Batch Processing Operating System
(B) Time-sharing Operating System
(C) Real-time Operating System
(D) Operating Systems for Embedded Devices

Correct Answer: (D) Operating Systems for Embedded Devices

69. Which operating system is specifically designed for handling critical applications with time-sensitive operations?

(A) Time-sharing Operating System
(B) Real-time Operating System
(C) Multiprogramming Operating System
(D) Network Operating System

Correct Answer: (B) Real-time Operating System

70. What does the term "multiprocessing" refer to in the context of operating systems?

(A) Running multiple programs concurrently in memory.
(B) Utilizing multiple CPUs to run different processes or threads.
(C) Managing batch processing jobs efficiently.
(D) Sharing computing resources among multiple users online.

Correct Answer: (B) Utilizing multiple CPUs to run different processes or threads.

71. What is a key feature of a networked computing system?

(A) It presents itself to users as a single uni-processor system.
(B) It includes features for communication between physically connected computers.
(C) It facilitates automatic division of workloads among connected computers.
(D) It manages critical real-time applications.

Correct Answer: (B) It includes features for communication between physically connected computers.

72. What does buffering and spooling aim to enhance in a multiprogramming environment?

(A) System performance by keeping I/O devices constantly busy.
(B) The efficiency of single-program execution.
(C) Resource utilization by running multiple jobs concurrently.
(D) The user interaction experience during batch processing.

Correct Answer: (C) Resource utilization by running multiple jobs concurrently.

73. Which of the following is NOT an example of an operating system for embedded devices?

(A) Palm OS
(B) Windows CE
(C) Linux
(D) Java OS

Correct Answer: (C) Linux

74. What is the primary method for programming a bare machine?

(A) Using a high-level programming language and compiler
(B) Manually converting instructions into binary code
(C) Running programs from a pre-installed operating system
(D) Using a graphical user interface for programming

Correct Answer: (B) Manually converting instructions into binary code

75. What does the loader program do in a computer system?

(A) It manually enters data and instructions into the computer.
(B) It automates the process of loading executable programs into memory.
(C) It converts source code into executable format.
(D) It handles direct control of input/output devices.

Correct Answer: (B) It automates the process of loading executable programs into memory.

76. Which type of operating system would most benefit from using language translators and loaders?

(A) Real-time Operating System
(B) Parallel Processing System
(C) Single Processor System
(D) Embedded Operating System

Correct Answer: (C) Single Processor System

77. What is a key challenge for parallel operating systems?

(A) Managing multiple input/output devices.
(B) Providing a user-friendly interface for system operations.
(C) Managing and coordinating resources for parallel machines.
(D) Simplifying programming for single processor systems.

Correct Answer: (C) Managing and coordinating resources for parallel machines.

78. In parallel computing, what is typically used to handle concurrent task execution?

(A) Operating system support for simultaneous applications
(B) Additional software layers such as distributed file systems
(C) Basic serial input devices
(D) Manual input and output management

Correct Answer: (B) Additional software layers such as distributed file systems

79. What is multitasking in the context of computing?

(A) Running multiple CPUs in parallel
(B) Sharing a CPU or processing resource among several jobs
(C) Using multiple processors to handle a single task
(D) Switching between different input devices quickly

Correct Answer: (B) Sharing a CPU or processing resource among several jobs

80. What is the main difference between cooperative multitasking and preemptive multitasking?

(A) Cooperative multitasking allows the operating system to control CPU time, while preemptive multitasking lets programs decide when to yield control.
(B) Preemptive multitasking gives complete control to one process, whereas cooperative multitasking switches processes based on a schedule.
(C) Cooperative multitasking gives programs control over CPU time, while preemptive multitasking uses a timeslice managed by the operating system.
(D) Preemptive multitasking does not allow for multiple processes to run concurrently, while cooperative multitasking does.

Correct Answer: (C) Cooperative multitasking gives programs control over CPU time, while preemptive multitasking uses a timeslice managed by the operating system.

81. What is the function of context switching in multitasking systems?

(A) It provides a mechanism for running multiple programs on different CPUs.
(B) It allows the operating system to switch between tasks rapidly, giving the appearance of simultaneous execution.
(C) It manages the allocation of system resources to different processes.
(D) It handles the loading and unloading of programs into memory.

Correct Answer: (B) It allows the operating system to switch between tasks rapidly, giving the appearance of simultaneous execution.

82. Which of the following operating systems is most likely to use preemptive multitasking?

(A) Early versions of MacOS
(B) Windows 95/98
(C) Windows 3.1
(D) Early versions of Unix

Correct Answer: (B) Windows 95/98

83. In a parallel processing system, what is a common feature of the operating systems used?

(A) They are typically designed to maximize CPU utilization by employing a microkernel approach.
(B) They are usually single-processor systems that do not support parallel tasks.
(C) They are mostly based on non-UNIX operating systems.
(D) They handle concurrent task execution by not providing direct support for simultaneous applications.

Correct Answer: (A) They are typically designed to maximize CPU utilization by employing a microkernel approach.

4.1.4 - Batch Processing.

84. In a single program operating system, how many programs can run at a time?

(A) One
(B) Two
(C) Three
(D) Multiple

Correct Answer: (A) One

85. What advancement allowed operating systems to support multiple programs running at the same time?

(A) Batch processing
(B) Multitasking
(C) Job Control Language (JCL)
(D) Spooling

Correct Answer: (B) Multitasking

86. Which system processes a series of non-interactive jobs collectively without user intervention?

(A) Single program system
(B) Batch processing system
(C) Multitasking system
(D) Real-time system

Correct Answer: (B) Batch processing system

87. What was the origin of batch processing systems?

(A) Computers with multitasking
(B) Punch cards for inputting machine code
(C) Job Control Language (JCL)
(D) Online systems with real-time interaction

Correct Answer: (B) Punch cards for inputting machine code

88. What is a key feature of batch processing?

(A) Real-time interaction
(B) User interaction during execution
(C) Execution of jobs without user interaction
(D) Execution of only one job at a time

Correct Answer: (C) Execution of jobs without user interaction

89. Which of the following is an example of batch processing?

(A) Typing a document in a word processor
(B) Copying data between applications
(C) Credit card companies processing all transactions for a month at once
(D) Running a video game on a computer

Correct Answer: (C) Credit card companies processing all transactions for a month at once

90. What is used in batch processing to indicate the start and end of jobs?

(A) Job Control Language (JCL)
(B) Punch cards
(C) FORTRAN and COBOL programs
(D) Input/output devices

Correct Answer: (A) Job Control Language (JCL)

91. What is the purpose of Job Control Language (JCL) in batch processing?

(A) To enable multitasking
(B) To provide real-time interaction
(C) To control the start, end, and execution of batch jobs
(D) To support the punch card system

Correct Answer: (C) To control the start, end, and execution of batch jobs

92. Which of the following is an advantage of batch processing systems?

(A) Immediate response to user inputs
(B) Debugging is easier
(C) Automation of operator work
(D) Real-time interaction during execution

Correct Answer: (C) Automation of operator work

93. Which of the following is a disadvantage of batch processing systems?

(A) Improved performance
(B) Lack of real-time interaction
(C) Immediate task execution
(D) Reduced turnaround time

Correct Answer: (B) Lack of real-time interaction

94. Which of the following is a key advantage of spooling in batch processing systems?

(A) Jobs are executed immediately after input
(B) Jobs run in parallel with no idle time for the CPU
(C) Immediate debugging
(D) Real-time user interaction

Correct Answer: (B) Jobs run in parallel with no idle time for the CPU

95. What does spooling stand for in the context of batch processing systems?

(A) Simultaneous Peripheral Operation Online
(B) Special Program Optimization Looping
(C) Systematic Peripheral Output Language
(D) Sequential Processing Output Loading

Correct Answer: (A) Simultaneous Peripheral Operation Online

96. What type of batch system uses less powerful computers to handle input/output while the main computer performs processing?

(A) Single program systems
(B) Multitasking systems
(C) Spooling batch systems
(D) Online processing systems

Correct Answer: (C) Spooling batch systems

97. Which is a potential risk in a batch processing system?

(A) Immediate completion of jobs
(B) Real-time debugging
(C) Jobs entering an infinite loop
(D) Increased user interaction during job execution

Correct Answer: (C) Jobs entering an infinite loop

98. What can happen to the system monitor in a batch processing system if a job corrupts it?

(A) The job will automatically terminate
(B) The system will restart
(C) Subsequent jobs in the queue could be affected
(D) The job will continue running without error

Correct Answer: (C) Subsequent jobs in the queue could be affected

99. What disadvantage of batch processing results in extended job completion times?

(A) Lack of real-time interaction
(B) Idle time during job execution
(C) Extended turnaround time
(D) Risk of monitor corruption

Correct Answer: (C) Extended turnaround time

100. How did early batch processing systems handle input from users?

(A) Through online interaction
(B) By directly entering machine code
(C) Using punch cards submitted to a system operator
(D) Through a multitasking interface

Correct Answer: (C) Using punch cards submitted to a system operator

101. What type of batch system improves efficiency by handling input/output tasks separately from the main computation?

(A) Single program systems
(B) Spooling batch systems
(C) Real-time systems
(D) Multitasking systems

Correct Answer: (B) Spooling batch systems

102. Which of the following tasks is better suited for batch processing?

(A) Real-time gaming
(B) Running a web browser
(C) Generating monthly payroll for employees
(D) Typing a report

Correct Answer: (C) Generating monthly payroll for employees

103. Which of the following would NOT be considered a disadvantage of batch processing?

(A) Extended turnaround time
(B) Lack of real-time interaction
(C) Difficulty in debugging
(D) Increased multitasking capability

Correct Answer: (D) Increased multitasking capability

4.1.5 - Multiprogramming Operating System.

104. What is the primary goal of multiprogramming systems?

(A) To process one job at a time
(B) To share resources among multiple programs
(C) To minimize memory usage
(D) To improve hardware performance

Correct Answer: (B) To share resources among multiple programs

105. In multiprogramming systems, what does "CPU-bound" mean?

(A) Jobs that require minimal CPU usage
(B) Jobs primarily involving I/O operations
(C) Computational jobs that intensively utilize the CPU
(D) Jobs that do not require an operating system

Correct Answer: (C) Computational jobs that intensively utilize the CPU

106. What is a characteristic of I/O-bound jobs?

(A) They require minimal data input and output
(B) They involve substantial data input and output
(C) They have high CPU utilization
(D) They are primarily scientific computations

Correct Answer: (B) They involve substantial data input and output

107. What is one of the requirements for effective multiprogramming systems?

(A) Limited memory capacity
(B) Single-tasking capability
(C) Large memory size
(D) No need for job status preservation

Correct Answer: (C) Large memory size

108. Why is memory protection important in multiprogramming systems?

(A) To increase CPU speed
(B) To prevent interference between jobs
(C) To allow unrestricted access to all memory
(D) To minimize job execution time

Correct Answer: (B) To prevent interference between jobs

109. What does the Process Control Block (PCB) store?

(A) User data only
(B) Job status and information for each process
(C) The physical memory address
(D) The operating system code

Correct Answer: (B) Job status and information for each process

110. What is the purpose of CPU scheduling in multiprogramming systems?

(A) To allocate memory to each job
(B) To decide which job to allocate the CPU to
(C) To store job information
(D) To prevent I/O operations

Correct Answer: (B) To decide which job to allocate the CPU to

111. Which of the following describes multitasking in the context of multiprogramming?

(A) Running multiple programs sequentially
(B) Sharing a single instance of a resource among several programs
(C) Using multiple CPUs for one program
(D) Minimizing the use of system resources

Correct Answer: (B) Sharing a single instance of a resource among several programs

112. How does multiprogramming maximize CPU usage?

(A) By executing one job at a time
(B) By keeping the CPU busy with a job until it needs to wait
(C) By minimizing job execution
(D) By using only CPU-bound jobs

Correct Answer: (B) By keeping the CPU busy with a job until it needs to wait

113. What is a critical aspect of the job mix in multiprogramming systems?

(A) Ensuring only CPU-bound jobs are used
(B) Mixing CPU-bound and I/O-bound jobs
(C) Having no mix at all
(D) Using only I/O-bound jobs

Correct Answer: (B) Mixing CPU-bound and I/O-bound jobs

114. When was the concept of multiprogramming developed?

(A) 1950s
(B) 1960s
(C) 1970s
(D) 1980s

Correct Answer: (B) 1960s

115. What does the operating system do when multiple jobs are ready for execution?

(A) It terminates all jobs
(B) It randomly selects a job
(C) It allocates the CPU based on scheduling algorithms
(D) It ignores the ready jobs

Correct Answer: (C) It allocates the CPU based on scheduling algorithms

4.1.6 - Multitasking Operating System.

116. What is multitasking in operating systems?

(A) Running multiple CPUs simultaneously
(B) A methodology where multiple tasks share processing resources like a CPU
(C) A process of shutting down inactive tasks
(D) A method for increasing the size of the CPU

Correct Answer: (B) A methodology where multiple tasks share processing resources like a CPU

117. In a single CPU system, how many tasks are actively processed at any given time?

(A) Multiple tasks
(B) None
(C) Only one task
(D) Depends on the operating system

Correct Answer: (C) Only one task

118. What process allows multitasking on a single CPU system?

(A) Parallelism
(B) Task scheduling
(C) Context switching
(D) Task switching

Correct Answer: (C) Context switching

119. What does a context switch refer to in multitasking?

(A) Switching users
(B) Switching tasks
(C) Loading new applications
(D) Saving CPU processes

Correct Answer: (B) Switching tasks

120. Which system allows for actual parallel execution of tasks?

(A) Single CPU system
(B) Multi-user system
(C) Multiprocessor system
(D) Mainframe system

Correct Answer: (C) Multiprocessor system

121. What is the main difference between multiprogramming and multitasking?

(A) Multiprogramming refers to multiple users, while multitasking is for single users
(B) Multiprogramming only runs one task at a time
(C) Multiprogramming deals with sequential tasks, multitasking with simultaneous ones
(D) There is no difference

Correct Answer: (A) Multiprogramming refers to multiple users, while multitasking is for single users

122. In what kind of systems is multiprogramming more commonly used?

(A) Single-user systems like personal computers
(B) Real-time systems
(C) Multi-user systems like servers
(D) Mobile operating systems

Correct Answer: (C) Multi-user systems like servers

123. Which term is associated with multitasking in single-user systems?

(A) Concurrent execution of multiple tasks
(B) Execution of tasks in series
(C) Multiple users running programs simultaneously
(D) Running only background processes

Correct Answer: (A) Concurrent execution of multiple tasks

124. In multitasking, what allows tasks to seem like they are running simultaneously?

(A) High CPU speed
(B) Context switching
(C) Increased memory
(D) Task priority settings

Correct Answer: (B) Context switching

125. What visual element often represents multitasking in single-user systems?

(A) Command line interface
(B) Multiple windows displayed on the screen
(C) A taskbar with minimized applications
(D) Multiple monitors

Correct Answer: (B) Multiple windows displayed on the screen

126. What does multiprogramming in multi-user systems allow for?

(A) Efficient use of system resources
(B) A single user to run multiple programs
(C) Only one user to access the system at a time
(D) No multitasking

Correct Answer: (A) Efficient use of system resources

127. In a multi-user system, multiprogramming allows:

(A) Concurrent execution of tasks for a single user
(B) Execution of multiple jobs for different users
(C) Running multiple tasks in a batch
(D) Execution of only one job at a time

Correct Answer: (B) Execution of multiple jobs for different users

128. Which of the following is a feature of multitasking in single-user systems?

(A) Multiple users logging in simultaneously
(B) One task at a time
(C) Tasks run in the background and foreground
(D) Sequential task execution

Correct Answer: (C) Tasks run in the background and foreground

129. What benefit does multitasking provide for single-user systems?

(A) Increases processing speed for a single task
(B) Reduces the number of tasks a user can run
(C) Allows multiple tasks to run concurrently
(D) Limits CPU usage

Correct Answer: (C) Allows multiple tasks to run concurrently

130. What illusion does multitasking create on a single-CPU system?

(A) Slower task execution
(B) Parallel task execution
(C) Multiple users using the system
(D) Limited memory usage

Correct Answer: (B) Parallel task execution

131. Which is an example of multitasking in a single-user system?

(A) Multiple users running tasks simultaneously
(B) A user editing a document while downloading a file
(C) Compiling multiple programs in sequence
(D) Executing a single task in the background

Correct Answer: (B) A user editing a document while downloading a file

132. What is the main goal of both multiprogramming and multitasking?

(A) To simplify user interaction
(B) To reduce CPU load
(C) To make efficient use of system resources
(D) To prevent users from running multiple tasks

Correct Answer: (C) To make efficient use of system resources

4.1.7 - Multi Processor.

133. What does multiprocessing refer to in a computer system?

(A) The use of multiple cores on a single processor
(B) The use of multiple CPUs in a system
(C) The execution of multiple tasks on a single CPU
(D) The execution of multiple programs in parallel

Correct Answer: (B) The use of multiple CPUs in a system

134. Which of the following is a key feature of Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP)?

(A) Only one CPU performs all tasks
(B) CPUs are assigned specific tasks
(C) All CPUs are treated equally
(D) The system uses different memory for each CPU

Correct Answer: (C) All CPUs are treated equally

135. In Asymmetric Multiprocessing (ASMP), what is the role of CPUs?

(A) All CPUs share tasks equally
(B) CPUs are treated equally
(C) CPUs are assigned specific tasks
(D) The CPUs are in a cluster

Correct Answer: (C) CPUs are assigned specific tasks

136. Which of the following is an example of a tightly-coupled multiprocessing system?

(A) Linux Beowulf cluster
(B) Multi-core processor system
(C) Cloud computing system
(D) Single-core system

Correct Answer: (B) Multi-core processor system

137. What type of system uses multiple standalone computers connected by high-speed communication systems?

(A) Tightly-coupled system
(B) Loosely-coupled system
(C) NUMA system
(D) SMP system

Correct Answer: (B) Loosely-coupled system

138. What is a major benefit of time-sharing systems?

(A) Reduced cost of processors
(B) High memory usage
(C) Reduced CPU idle time
(D) More complex operating systems

Correct Answer: (C) Reduced CPU idle time

139. What mechanism is used in time-sharing systems to send interrupt signals to the CPU after each time slice?

(A) Memory protection mechanism
(B) Special CPU scheduling algorithm
(C) Alarm clock mechanism
(D) Job status preservation mechanism

Correct Answer: (C) Alarm clock mechanism

140. In a time-sharing system, what allows each user to feel like they have their own dedicated computer?

(A) Large memory capacity
(B) Job status preservation
(C) Efficient multiprogramming
(D) Multiple interactive terminals

Correct Answer: (C) Efficient multiprogramming

141. Which of the following is a key characteristic of multiprogramming?

(A) True parallel processing with multiple CPUs
(B) Simultaneous execution of tasks on a single CPU
(C) Only one program runs at a time
(D) Dedicated memory for each process

Correct Answer: (B) Simultaneous execution of tasks on a single CPU

142. What is an advantage of multiprocessing systems?

(A) Lower cost than single-processor systems
(B) Higher complexity for the operating system
(C) Improved performance and reliability
(D) Less maintenance required

Correct Answer: (C) Improved performance and reliability

143. What is a limitation of multiprocessing systems?

(A) Low cost of hardware
(B) Simple operating system requirements
(C) High initial investment and maintenance costs
(D) Lower system reliability

Correct Answer: (C) High initial investment and maintenance costs

144. In multiprocessing, what term describes when one processor fails but the others continue to operate?

(A) Multiprogramming
(B) Graceful degradation
(C) Parallel processing
(D) Load balancing

Correct Answer: (B) Graceful degradation

145. What type of multiprocessing uses a combination of local and shared memory?

(A) SMP
(B) ASMP
(C) NUMA
(D) Clustered multiprocessing

Correct Answer: (C) NUMA

146. Which term refers to the simultaneous execution of multiple processes by a system with more than one CPU?

(A) Multiprogramming
(B) Time-sharing
(C) Multiprocessing
(D) Batch processing

Correct Answer: (C) Multiprocessing

147. What is the role of the 'alarm clock mechanism' in time-sharing systems?

(A) To protect job memory
(B) To interrupt CPU after a time slice
(C) To allocate more CPU time to a user
(D) To switch jobs between processors

Correct Answer: (B) To interrupt CPU after a time slice

4.1.8 - Data Communication.

148. In which decade did the merger of computer science and data communications significantly alter the technology sector?

(A) 1960s
(B) 1970s
(C) 1980s
(D) 1990s

Correct Answer: (B) 1970s

149. What fundamental distinction is mentioned between voice, video, and data transmission?

(A) They are fundamentally different
(B) They are non-existent
(C) They use different protocols
(D) They require different cables

Correct Answer: (B) They are non-existent

150. What aspect of networking has become increasingly necessary due to the growing emphasis on online transactions?

(A) Reduced costs
(B) High-capacity networking
(C) Voice communication
(D) Local area networking

Correct Answer: (B) High-capacity networking

151. What is one of the key factors influencing the design of data communications and networking facilities?

(A) Decrease in data traffic
(B) Increase in hardware costs
(C) Expansion of traffic
(D) Reduction in data services

Correct Answer: (C) Expansion of traffic

152. What technology has significantly increased capacity in telecommunications?

(A) Dial-up connections
(B) Fiber optics
(C) Coaxial cables
(D) Wireless networks

Correct Answer: (B) Fiber optics

153. What percentage of traffic historically travels over wide area linkages in a typical corporate setting?

(A) 10%
(B) 20%
(C) 30%
(D) 50%

Correct Answer: (B) 20%

154. What is the primary goal of a communications system?

(A) Data processing
(B) Data exchange
(C) Data storage
(D) Data encryption

Correct Answer: (B) Data exchange

155. Which device is responsible for converting digital signals into analogue signals?

(A) Receiver
(B) Transmitter
(C) Modem
(D) Router

Correct Answer: (C) Modem

156. What is multiplexing in the context of data communications?

(A) Increasing data speeds
(B) Distributing transmission capacity
(C) Enhancing security measures
(D) Reducing costs

Correct Answer: (B) Distributing transmission capacity

157. Which of the following trends has contributed to greater mobility in the workplace?

(A) Decrease in telecommuting
(B) Increase in wired connections
(C) Development of wireless technologies
(D) Reduction in mobile devices

Correct Answer: (C) Development of wireless technologies

158. What impact has the emergence of high-speed LANs had on personal computers?

(A) Decreased usage
(B) Increased processing power
(C) Reduced applications
(D) Limited access to data

Correct Answer: (B) Increased processing power

159. What is one characteristic of the modern Internet mentioned in the text?

(A) Limited access to data
(B) Increased intelligence of networks
(C) Reduced data capacity
(D) Simplicity of user interfaces

Correct Answer: (B) Increased intelligence of networks

160. What does the term "error recovery" refer to in a communications system?

(A) Detecting errors only
(B) Repairing damaged devices
(C) Resuming data transfer after a disruption
(D) Preventing errors from occurring

Correct Answer: (C) Resuming data transfer after a disruption

161. What is a key challenge faced by organizations in planning data communication facilities?

(A) Decreasing data needs
(B) Managing increasing traffic
(C) Simplifying network design
(D) Reducing hardware costs

Correct Answer: (B) Managing increasing traffic

162. How has the growth of multimedia applications influenced network requirements?

(A) Decreased traffic
(B) Increased need for high capacity
(C) Limited data transfer
(D) Reduced processing power

Correct Answer: (B) Increased need for high capacity

163. In the simplified data communications model, what device does the user interact with to send an email?

(A) Monitor
(B) Keyboard
(C) Modem
(D) Printer

Correct Answer: (B) Keyboard

164. What does the input device (like a keyboard) do in the context of data communications?

(A) Stores data permanently
(B) Converts signals
(C) Buffers character strings
(D) Sends data to a printer

Correct Answer: (C) Buffers character strings

165. What is the purpose of the transmitter in a data communications system?

(A) To receive data
(B) To store data
(C) To connect to the transmission medium
(D) To convert sound waves into signals

Correct Answer: (C) To connect to the transmission medium

166. What does the received signal r(t) represent in the data communications model?

(A) The original message
(B) The transmitted signal s(t)
(C) The input device's signal
(D) The buffered character string

Correct Answer: (B) The transmitted signal s(t)

167. How does the telephone convert sound waves during a call?

(A) It compresses the sound
(B) It changes sound waves into electrical signals
(C) It stores the sound
(D) It transmits the sound in its original form

Correct Answer: (B) It changes sound waves into electrical signals

168. What is a fundamental aspect of a transmission line in data communications?

(A) It is not concerned with data encoding
(B) It requires high processing power
(C) It is the most expensive component
(D) It is used for local communication only

Correct Answer: (A) It is not concerned with data encoding

169. What are the two main methods for increasing the efficiency of transmission facilities?

(A) Compression and storage
(B) Compression and multiplexing
(C) Multiplexing and direct connection
(D) Storage and direct connection

Correct Answer: (B) Compression and multiplexing

170. What is the primary distinction between a LAN and a WAN?

(A) Geographic coverage
(B) Data encoding techniques
(C) Cost of transmission
(D) Type of input devices

Correct Answer: (A) Geographic coverage

171. Which of the following is a characteristic of wide area networks (WANs)?

(A) They usually cover a single building.
(B) They are owned entirely by the user.
(C) They rely on common carrier circuits.
(D) They have lower data rates than LANs.

Correct Answer: (C) They rely on common carrier circuits.

172. What technology has significantly increased the capacity of transmission channels?

(A) Twisted-pair cables
(B) Coaxial cables
(C) Fibre optics
(D) Satellite links

Correct Answer: (C) Fibre optics

173. What is the primary role of a data link control protocol?

(A) To enhance transmission speed
(B) To handle data flow and error recovery
(C) To store data temporarily
(D) To manage user interfaces

Correct Answer: (B) To handle data flow and error recovery

174. In data communications, what does multiplexing allow?

(A) It allows only one device to connect at a time.
(B) It enables multiple devices to share a transmission facility.
(C) It compresses data for storage.
(D) It increases the cost of transmission.

Correct Answer: (B) It enables multiple devices to share a transmission facility.

175. What is a major benefit of wireless networks mentioned in the text?

(A) Higher costs
(B) Limited mobility
(C) Ease of setup and mobility
(D) Dependence on physical connections

Correct Answer: (C) Ease of setup and mobility

176. What challenges do managers face when selecting a LAN?

(A) High maintenance costs
(B) Lack of connectivity
(C) Overlapping standards
(D) Limited user access

Correct Answer: (A) High maintenance costs

177. What technology is essential for integrating voice, data, and video networks?

(A) Circuit switching
(B) Frame relay
(C) Multiplexing
(D) Integrated network management

Correct Answer: (D) Integrated network management